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Tommaso Bonanzinga IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, via Manzoni, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini, Pieve Emanuele, Milan, Italy

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Pietro Conte IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, via Manzoni, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini, Pieve Emanuele, Milan, Italy

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Giuseppe Anzillotti IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, via Manzoni, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini, Pieve Emanuele, Milan, Italy

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Vincenzo Longobardi IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, via Manzoni, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini, Pieve Emanuele, Milan, Italy

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Elizaveta Kon IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, via Manzoni, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
Department of Traumatology, Orthopaedics and Disaster Surgery, Moscow, Russia

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Maria Rescigno IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, via Manzoni, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini, Pieve Emanuele, Milan, Italy

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Maurilio Marcacci IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, via Manzoni, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini, Pieve Emanuele, Milan, Italy

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negative cultures, while the detection rate in septic revisions was 81.8% in those with negative cultures and 94.1% in those with positive cultures ( 27 ). Zhao et al. included patients with both OA (58 patients) and rheumatoid arthritis (125 patients

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AliSina Shahi The Rothman Institute at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, USA

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Javad Parvizi The Rothman Institute at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, USA

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total joint replacement . J Bone Joint Surg [Br] 2007 ; 89 : 94 - 99 . 22 Hügle T , Schuetz P , Mueller B , et al. . Serum procalcitonin for discrimination between septic and non-septic arthritis . Clin Exp

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Xavier Crevoisier University Hospital Center (CHUV) and University of Lausanne (UNIL), Switzerland

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Mathieu Assal Foot and Ankle Center, Clinique la Colline, Geneva, Switzerland

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Katarina Stanekova University Hospital Center (CHUV) and University of Lausanne (UNIL), Switzerland

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envelope and well-aligned ankle and hind foot. Relative contraindications are high functional demand, diabetes, previous septic ankle arthritis and being overweight. Absolute contraindications include active or recent septic ankle arthritis, talar or distal

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E. Carlos Rodríguez-Merchán Department of Orthopedic Surgery, La Paz University Hospital-IdiPaz, Madrid, Spain
Osteoarticular Surgery Research, Hospital La Paz Institute for Health Research – IdiPAZ (La Paz University Hospital – Autonomous University of Madrid), Madrid, Spain

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Hortensia De la Corte-Rodríguez Department of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, La Paz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain

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Carlos A. Encinas-Ullán Department of Orthopedic Surgery, La Paz University Hospital-IdiPaz, Madrid, Spain

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Primitivo Gómez-Cardero Department of Orthopedic Surgery, La Paz University Hospital-IdiPaz, Madrid, Spain

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years is the role of vancomycin-soaking of the grafts with respect to reducing the incidence of septic arthritis. In 2020, Naendrup et al compared the incidence of postoperative septic arthritis after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR

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Ricardo Sousa Department of Orthopaedics, Centro Hospitalar Universitário do Porto, Porto, Portugal
Porto Bone and Joint Infection Group (GRIP), Centro Hospitalar Universitário do Porto and Grupo TrofaSaude, Portugal

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André Carvalho Department of Orthopaedics, Centro Hospitalar Universitário do Porto, Porto, Portugal

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Ana Cláudia Santos Porto Bone and Joint Infection Group (GRIP), Centro Hospitalar Universitário do Porto and Grupo TrofaSaude, Portugal
Department of Microbiology, Centro Hospitalar Universitário do Porto, Porto, Portugal

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Miguel Araújo Abreu Porto Bone and Joint Infection Group (GRIP), Centro Hospitalar Universitário do Porto and Grupo TrofaSaude, Portugal
Department of Microbiology, Centro Hospitalar Universitário do Porto, Porto, Portugal

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. 6 – 8 In the case of an acutely ill patient, such as those with suspected native septic arthritis or full blown acute PJI, joint puncture must be performed as soon as possible. Blood cultures should also be taken before surgery or even starting

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Gilles Pasquier Service de Chirurgie Orthopedique, Centre-Hospitalo-Universitaire de Lille, France

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Matthieu Ehlinger Service de Chirurgie Orthopedique et de Traumatologie, Hôpital de Hautepierre, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, France

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Didier Mainard Service de Chirurgie Orthopédique, Cente Hospitalo-Universitaire de Nancy, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire de Nancy, France

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deformities which require significant ligament release, notably in cases of large valgus deformities (rheumatoid arthritis, neurological diseases), as well as in obese patients with significant laxity 19 or in some complex primary post-traumatic cases

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Marco Gupton MountainView Regional Medical Center, Orthopaedic Surgery Residency, Las Cruces, New Mexico, USA

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Jessica Burns Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Phoenix Children’s Hospital, Phoenix, Arizona, USA

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( 4 , 6 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 ). In a study published by Spyridakis et al. ( 13 ), 89 of 129 (69%) cases of septic arthritis were culture-negative and failed initial empiric antibiotic treatment 9% of the time. Genetic testing is being used more

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Pablo A. Slullitel Hip Surgery Unit, Italian Hospital of Buenos Aires, Argentina

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José I. Oñativia Hip Surgery Unit, Italian Hospital of Buenos Aires, Argentina

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Martin A. Buttaro Hip Surgery Unit, Italian Hospital of Buenos Aires, Argentina

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Marisa L. Sánchez Infectology Department, Italian Hospital of Buenos Aires, Argentina

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Fernando Comba Hip Surgery Unit, Italian Hospital of Buenos Aires, Argentina

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Gerardo Zanotti Hip Surgery Unit, Italian Hospital of Buenos Aires, Argentina

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Francisco Piccaluga Hip Surgery Unit, Italian Hospital of Buenos Aires, Argentina

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12.76; 95% CI 2.47 to 66.16; p = 0.017). Local risk factors for deep infection include superficial surgical site infection, joint malignancy, history of native joint septic arthritis, history of prior PJI, skin ulcers within surgical approach and

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Emanuele Diquattro Ortopedia-Traumatologia e Chirurgia Protesica e dei Reimpianti d'anca e di Ginocchio, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy

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Sonja Jahnke Center of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, University Hospital Brandenburg an der Havel, Medical School Brandenburg, Germany

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Francesco Traina Ortopedia-Traumatologia e Chirurgia Protesica e dei Reimpianti d'anca e di Ginocchio, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy

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Francesco Perdisa Department of Orthopaedics, Villa Erbosa Hospital, Bologna, Italy

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Roland Becker Center of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, University Hospital Brandenburg an der Havel, Medical School Brandenburg, Germany

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Sebastian Kopf Center of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, University Hospital Brandenburg an der Havel, Medical School Brandenburg, Germany

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). Septic arthritis represents an uncommon complication after ACL-R (estimated incidence of less than 1–1.8%), but which, if present, can lead to failure of primary reconstruction and very poor clinical outcomes ( 68 , 69 ). Post ACL-R septic arthritis can

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Daniel J. McCormack Department of Orthopaedics, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester, UK

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Darren Puttock Department of Orthopaedics, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester, UK

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Steven P. Godsiff Department of Orthopaedics, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester, UK

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revision surgery, those with spine, hip or foot pathology were excluded. Patients with a past history of septic arthritis or previous surgery other than diagnostic arthroscopy were also excluded. Significant patella-femoral joint damage and an inability to

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