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including drug-resistant cancers, ischemic organ injuries, and other degenerative diseases ( 8 ). Numerous studies demonstrated that OP progression is closely related to oxidative stress, ROS accumulation, and lipid peroxidation ( 77 , 78 ). As mentioned
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osteoarthritis hallux rigidus is the most common arthritic condition in the foot. Progression of great toe arthritis is associated with pain and loss of motion. Non-surgical intervention begins with shoe modifications and orthotics designed to limit MTP motion
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infiltration of synovial fluid, detachment and fragmentation of the osteochondral fragment, followed by ON changes in the disconnected area 42 ( Fig. 6 ). Fig. 6 Progression of an insufficiency fracture over ten months. Coronal PD fat suppression (a
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formation and absence of osteolysis progression as radiographic signs of healing and local control in response to radiotherapy. Thus, we performed this evaluation only in cases with at least 2 months of follow-up and, therefore, about 1 month after
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low life expectancy or if the region has already been irradiated. Radiation therapy begins immediately after surgery, and the radiated area should cover the entire implant; its purpose is to reduce pain, slow progression, or treat any remaining tumor
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aggressively treated to prevent chondrocyte apoptosis and progression to synovitis, recurrent joint bleeds and ultimately end-stage osteoarthritis. These joint bleeds need the following: deficient factor intravenous replacement to 50%; joint aspiration to
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acting as a therapeutic target but also have the potential to monitor disease progression ( 31 ). Implant loosening is a complex mechanism that is controlled by an intricate balance of biomechanical forces and a balance between osteoblasts and
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these goals are achieved, there is no guarantee that results will be acceptable in the mid-term due to the frequent progression to post-traumatic arthritis. 40 No method of treatment has shown clear superiority regarding rates of nonunion, malunion
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been a gradual increase in indications for meniscal repair rather than meniscectomy. When preservation is no longer possible, replacement is the next step for symptomatic patients or those with evidence of systematic progression towards arthritis at a
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Conventional techniques for hip and knee arthroplasty have led to good long-term clinical outcomes, but complications remain despite better surgical precision and improvements in implant design and quality.
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Technological improvements and a better understanding of joint kinematics have facilitated the progression to ‘personalized’ implant positioning (kinematic alignment) for total hip (THA) and knee (TKA) arthroplasty, the true value of which remains to be determined.
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By achieving a true knee resurfacing, the kinematic alignment (KA) technique for TKA aims at aligning the components with the physiological kinematic axes of the knee and restoring the constitutional tibio-femoral joint line frontal and axial orientation and soft-tissue laxity.
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The KA technique for THA aims at restoring the native ‘combined femoro-acetabular anteversion’ and the hip’s centre of rotation, and occasionally adjusting the cup position and design based on the assessment of the individual spine-hip relation.
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The key element for optimal prosthetic joint kinematics (hip or knee) is to reproduce the femoral anatomy.
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The transverse acetabular ligament (TAL) is the reference landmark to adjust the cup position.
Cite this article: EFORT Open Rev 2018;3:98-105. DOI: 10.1302/2058-5241.3.170022
