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using video-assisted thoracoscopic techniques (VATS), 4 , 5 or mini-thoracotomy (mini TTA), 6 there remains a significant risk of complications including paralysis, paresis, pleural tear and pneumothorax. 7 , 8 The alternative direct
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, they are also associated with a higher percentage of complications, such as internal fixation loosening and spinous process fracture. 49 Thus, correct patient selection is extremely important when deciding to proceed with this type of technique. On the
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Major Trauma Centre, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, University of Leeds, United Kingdom
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with either of the two main fixation strategies and a comprehensive summary of their reported outcomes and complications. Management ‘Single-implant’ strategy Case example 1 A 64-year-old male patient was admitted to a level-one trauma
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other complications ( 7 , 8 ). The pedicle screw misplacement rates of conventional techniques are 30% and 55% in the lumbar and thoracic spines, respectively ( 9 , 10 , 11 ). This contrasts the reported high success rate of robot-assisted pedicle
Anatomy Institute and Orthopedics Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
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intrasomatic cavities with less pressure and covered by impacted bone trabeculae (which work as a shield) and by the walls of the vertebral body, decreases the possibility of cement extravasation, reducing the risks of related complications ( 28 , 33 , 34
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, angular kyphosis, and those patients who have circumferential fusion over multiple segments, which would preclude performing SPOs. A PSO can also be done in areas of rotation and prior laminectomy, but this may lead to an increased complication rate and is
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complications, EOS is a potentially life-threatening condition that requires early intervention to prevent severe deformity and pulmonary compromise. There are many debatable points and diverse approaches to scoliosis in young children. However, we will focus on
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symptoms that might be masked preoperatively or aggravated postoperatively ( 12 ). Another consideration is that asymptomatic lesions may cause intra-operative position-related complications. In the prone position, the area of the stenotic spinal canal
Faculty of Medicine, Saint Joseph University, Beirut, Lebanon
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Faculty of Medicine, Saint Joseph University, Beirut, Lebanon
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can decrease bracing time and increase correction pre operatively with the same neurological complication rate postoperatively ( 48 ). Ruf et al. showed the possible use of pedicle screws in a pediatric population with 1 year of age ( 49 ). However
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, the surgeon and/or hospital responsible for the IONM services must be sure that each provider has adequate training and experience, consistent with the national legislation. Discussion A fear of complications, especially neurological ones, is
