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Paolo Salari Institute for Complex Arthroplasty and Revisions (ICAR), Villa Ulivella Clinic, Florence, Italy

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Andrea Baldini Institute for Complex Arthroplasty and Revisions (ICAR), Villa Ulivella Clinic, Florence, Italy

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rotation using a bone nibbler or reciprocating saw. If a medial or a lateral peripherical bone defect is present a trial augment is added under the plastic tibia on the corresponding side and the varus-valgus alignment is re-checked. The use of a porous

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Emmanuel Thienpont University Hospital Saint Luc, Brussels, Belgium

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the flexion gap and avoid joint-line elevation. 28 Reconstruction of the tibia The use of stems to supplement component fixation in rTKA has been shown to improve outcomes and survival, 31 - 33 as they allow bone defects to be

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Sebastian Kopf Center of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Brandenburg Medical School Theodor Fontane, Germany

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Manuel-Paul Sava Orthopedics and Traumatology 2nd Department, Colentina Clinical Hospital, Bucharest, Romania

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Christian Stärke Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Germany

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Roland Becker Center of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Brandenburg Medical School Theodor Fontane, Germany

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Harnly HW Rodeo SA Williams RJ III . Activity levels are higher after osteochondral autograft transfer mosaicplasty than after microfracture for articular cartilage defects of the knee: a retrospective comparative study . J Bone

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Charles Rivière Clinique du Sport, Bordeaux-Mérignac, France
Personalized Arthroplasty Society, Atlanta, Georgia, USA

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William Jackson Personalized Arthroplasty Society, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
Nuffield Orthopaedic Centre, Headington, Oxford, UK

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Loïc Villet Clinique du Sport, Bordeaux-Mérignac, France
Personalized Arthroplasty Society, Atlanta, Georgia, USA

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Sivan Sivaloganathan Personalized Arthroplasty Society, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
South-West London Elective Orthopaedic Centre, Epsom, UK

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Yaron Barziv Personalized Arthroplasty Society, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
Shamir Medical Center, Zriffin, Israel

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Pascal-André Vendittoli Personalized Arthroplasty Society, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
Département de Chirurgie, Université de Montréal, Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, Montréal, Québec, Canada

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right knee anatomy was used to plan the left knee TKA. Using computer navigation, the left femoral implant was aligned with 5° of valgus and the tibial component with 2° of varus. A 10 mm lateral femoral augment was used to fill the bone defect and a

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Salvi Prat-Fabregat Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Spain

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Pilar Camacho-Carrasco Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Spain

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inflation osteoplasty, 21 , 22 has been described as a minimally-invasive technique. There are no clinical results available that can support the use of this technique. Once the articular surface is restored, the remaining underlying bone defect can be

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Piti Rattanaprichavej Department of Orthopaedics, Faculty of Medicine, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand

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Patapong Towiwat Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand

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Artit Laoruengthana Department of Orthopaedics, Faculty of Medicine, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand

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Piyameth Dilokthornsakul Center of Pharmaceutical Outcomes Research, Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand
Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand

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Nathorn Chaiyakunapruk Department of Pharmacotherapy, College of Pharmacy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA

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. Characteristics and outcomes of included studies Author (year) No. of knees Mean age (yr.) Average follow-up (yr.) Cause of CNA Staging Ataxia Prosthetic constraint (knees) Bone defect Rx Re-surgery (episodes) Total complication

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Carlos A. Encinas-Ullán Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, La Paz University Hospital-IdiPaz, Madrid, Spain

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Primitivo Gómez-Cardero Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, La Paz University Hospital-IdiPaz, Madrid, Spain

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Juan S. Ruiz-Pérez Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, La Paz University Hospital-IdiPaz, Madrid, Spain

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E. Carlos Rodríguez-Merchán Osteoarticular Surgery Research Hospital, La Paz Institute for Health Research – IdiPAZ (La Paz University Hospital – Autonomous University of Madrid), Madrid, Spain

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metaphyseal sleeves to fill bone defects, as well as modular augmentation to preserve the joint line. Other options are an allograft–prosthesis composite, knee arthrodesis, or limb amputation. Fig. 3 Lateral radiograph of the right knee shows a rotating

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E. Carlos Rodríguez-Merchán Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, “La Paz” University Hospital-IdiPaz, Madrid, Spain

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bone defects. 29 According to Efe et al (2012), this prosthesis must be indicated in selected cases of advanced primary OA associated with severe bone loss, ligamentous instability or comminuted fractures, and in revision situations. 30 In

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Stein J. Janssen Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

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Iris van Oost Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, FORCE (Foundation for Orthopaedic Research Care Education), Amphia Hospital, Breda, The Netherlands

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Stefan J.M. Breugem Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Bergman Clinics, Naarden, The Netherlands

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Rutger C.I. van Geenen Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, FORCE (Foundation for Orthopaedic Research Care Education), Amphia Hospital, Breda, The Netherlands

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progression (1.4%), aseptic loosening (1.3%), bearing dislocation (0.58%), pain (0.57%), and infection (0.47%). 3 Proper patient selection is key for success; ideal candidates present with painful isolated bone-on-bone anteromedial osteoarthritis with a

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Gerardo Fusco Humanitas University, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Milan, Italy
IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan, Italy
These authors contributed equally to the article and should both be considered first authors

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Francesco M. Gambaro Humanitas University, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Milan, Italy
IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan, Italy
These authors contributed equally to the article and should both be considered first authors

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Berardo Di Matteo Humanitas University, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Milan, Italy
First Moscow State Medical University – Sechenov University, Moscow, Russia

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Elizaveta Kon Humanitas University, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Milan, Italy
IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan, Italy

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Introduction Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative disease with a tendency to worsen over time, characterized by articular cartilage degradation, subchondral damage, and bone remodelling, most commonly affecting weight-bearing joints such as

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