Search for other papers by José Nuno Ferreira in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by João Vide in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Daniel Mendes in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by João Protásio in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Rui Viegas in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Manuel Resende Sousa in
Google Scholar
PubMed
develop long-lasting symptoms: feeling of ankle instability (‘giving way’), pain, swelling and recurrent sprains, ultimately resulting in functional limitations. 3 The proportion of patients who reported that they still experienced pain at 1-year
Search for other papers by Young Yi in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Woochun Lee in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Absolute contraindications : • End-stage ankle OA. • Unmanageable hindfoot instability. • Acute osteomyelitis or infection. • Severe vascular and/or neurological deficiency. Relative contraindications : • Advanced age. • Patients with poor general
Search for other papers by Nicola Krähenbühl in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Tamara Horn-Lang in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Beat Hintermann in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Markus Knupp in
Google Scholar
PubMed
with failure of the anterior talo-fibular ligament, leads to an unphysiological anterolateral rotation of the talus during gait. 7 As a result, subtalar joint and secondary ankle joint instability may occur. 7 The importance of the calcaneo
Search for other papers by Jorge de-las-Heras Romero in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Ana María Lledó Alvarez in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Fernando Moreno Sanchez in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Alejandro Perez Garcia in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Pedro Antonio Garcia Porcel in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Raul Valverde Sarabia in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Marina Hernandez Torralba in
Google Scholar
PubMed
arthritic ankle changes ( Fig. 6 ). 12 Fig. 6 Classification of syndesmotic injuries of the ankle. Management Acute injuries: conservative treatment Syndesmotic sprains without instability should be treated non-operatively as they
Search for other papers by Michael J Raschke in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Sabine Ochman in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Alexander Milstrey in
Google Scholar
PubMed
the postoperative course. ‘Stable’ ankle fractures may be defined as an isolated fibula fracture with a medial clear space of <4 mm in the mortise view. To detect instability, additional weightbearing x-rays and a GravityView can be performed ( 7
Osteoarticular Surgery Research, Hospital La Paz Institute for Health Research – IdiPAZ (La Paz University Hospital – Autonomous University of Madrid), Madrid, Spain
Search for other papers by E Carlos Rodríguez-Merchán in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Carlos A Encinas-Ullán in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Juan S Ruiz-Pérez in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Primitivo Gómez-Cardero in
Google Scholar
PubMed
indications for AA increase, so do its complications ( 4 ). As early as 1996, Ferkel et al. indicated AA for patients with ankle pain, swelling, locking, and instability who did not respond to non-surgical treatment ( 5 ). Subsequently, the indications for
Search for other papers by May Fong Mak in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Richard Stern in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Mathieu Assal in
Google Scholar
PubMed
and fix the syndesmosis ring to avoid the potential sequelae of instability, chronic pain, and arthritis seen following syndesmosis mismanagement. 1 , 2 Accurate syndesmosis fixation is a predictor of good functional outcomes in ankle fractures
Search for other papers by Fabian Tobias Spindler in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Wolfgang Böcker in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Hans Polzer in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Sebastian Felix Baumbach in
Google Scholar
PubMed
in ankle fracture cases ( 42 , 43 , 44 ). Moreover, a just recently published systematic review assessed the value of the ERST under fluoroscopy to detect subtle syndesmotic instability ( 45 ). Based on the ERST under fluoroscopy, the MCS was
Search for other papers by Vasileios Lampridis in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Nikolaos Gougoulias in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Anthony Sakellariou in
Google Scholar
PubMed
. It was developed on the basis that the lateral column plays the major role in the treatment of ankle fractures and that the higher the fibular fracture, the higher the chance of instability. Although the second is partially true, the classification
Search for other papers by Stefan Rammelt in
Google Scholar
PubMed
detect ankle instability in acute malleolar fractures. It appears that there is a structural stability reserve in the ankle with axial loading, and therefore more patients have positive manual or gravity stress radiographs than signs of instability in
