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stiff knees, with structural disruption of the joint's fibrous connective tissue, originating from inflammation triggered by trauma, surgery or infection. Extracellular matrix proliferation, coupled with the development of adhesions, results in joint
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Department of Mechanical Engineering, University College London, UK
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Department of Mechanical Engineering, University College London, UK
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Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, Stanmore, UK.
Cleveland Clinic London, London, UK
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affect the biological performance, including adhesion, osteogenic behaviour, and ultimately the fixation and improved ability of the implant ( 11 ). This is because pore size determines the type of cell that will proliferate and colonise within the porous
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Division of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, Department of Surgery, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Switzerland
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discarded because adhesions are not consistently observed). For others, 2 , 7 , 17 , 18 either frozen shoulder or adhesive capsulitis are broader terms which describe onset of the above symptoms whether primary (idiopathic), or secondary (with an
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antibiotic discovery pipeline ( 38 ), novel biofilm-specific strategies are desperately needed ( 30 ). Regarding the prevention of biofilms, previously mentioned methods of CPP-based surface modifications of implants have shown to minimize the adhesion as
Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, Madrid, Spain
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Osteoarticular Surgery Research, Hospital La Paz Institute for Health Research – IdiPAZ (La Paz University Hospital – Autonomous University of Madrid), Madrid, Spain
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. , the causes of post-traumatic knee stiffness can be divided into flexion contractures, extension contractures, and combined contractures. Post-traumatic stiffness can be due to the presence of dense intra-articular adhesions and/or fibrotic
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an increased serum ESR, CRP, WBC, IL-6, soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1, and serum IgG to short-chain exocellular lipoteichoic acid. IL-6 is secreted by different immune cells and triggers the excretion of CRP; therefore, it is believed that
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disease. 25 Kaul et al noted in their review of the pathophysiology of vascular obstruction in sickle cell syndromes that red cell destruction leads to enhanced cell vascular adhesion which invariably led to more vascular occulsion. 26 Bone
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cells. The activation of the focal adhesion kinase (FAK) – extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK) pathway has been implicated. Downstream effects relate to the production of COX2 protein in cell culture models. In vivo animal models have added
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intra-articular adhesions; extrinsic contractures are typically extra-articular, for example capsular or muscular contracture, HO, extra-articular malunions and burn contractures; and mixed forms may encompass variations of both extrinsic and intrinsic
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School of Health Professions Education (SHE), Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
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School of Care and Public Health Research Institute (CAPHRI), Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
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wear particles (adhesion). Another source of significant metal particle release is the application of a metal component for the revision of a fractured ceramic head and/or a fractured ceramic acetabular liner. In this scenario, massive three
