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Marco Gupton MountainView Regional Medical Center, Orthopaedic Surgery Residency, Las Cruces, New Mexico, USA

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Jordan E Johnson MountainView Regional Medical Center, Orthopaedic Surgery Residency, Las Cruces, New Mexico, USA

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G Robert Cummings MountainView Regional Medical Center, Orthopaedic Surgery Residency, Las Cruces, New Mexico, USA

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Chenthuran Deivaraju Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Minnesota, St Cloud, Minnesota, USA

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0.735 NR 0.300 WOMAC 0.681 0.490 0.589 Pain SS 0.904 0.236 0.259 Function SS 0.647 0.703 0.316 Stiffness 0.098 NR 0.316 *Stuffing defined as AFO increased by at least 1mm (2.8 average

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Theofilos Karachalios School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessalia, Greece
Orthopaedic Department, University General Hospital of Larissa, Greece

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George A. Komnos Orthopaedic Department, University General Hospital of Larissa, Greece

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. Appropriate soft tissue tension in TKA is of paramount importance since incorrect tensioning can lead to either stiffness or instability. 2 , 7 A normal knee has seven laxities. In simple practical terms, the medial compartment is stable in extension and

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Jimmy Ng Nottingham Elective Orthopaedic Services, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, UK

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Pau Balcells-Nolla Nottingham Elective Orthopaedic Services, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, UK

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Peter J. James Nottingham Elective Orthopaedic Services, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, UK

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Benjamin V. Bloch Nottingham Elective Orthopaedic Services, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, UK

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) or patella tendon rupture ( Fig. 2 ) or avulsion which can occur either intraoperatively or postoperatively. Intraoperative failure of the extensor mechanism is usually related to gaining exposure to a stiff knee or over resection of the patella

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Jan Victor Ghent University, Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Ghent, Belgium

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micromotion in modular implants, have greatly reduced this problem. Today infection, instability, malalignment, stiffness and dissatisfaction with the outcome of the procedure are the main drivers for early revision. 1 In particular, this is a more

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Cheuk Yin Li School of Medical Education, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK

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Kenneth Jordan Ng Cheong Chung School of Medical Education, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK

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Omar M. E. Ali School of Medical Education, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK

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Nicholas D. H. Chung School of Medical Education, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK

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Cheuk Heng Li School of Medical Education, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK

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to periarticular involvement with quadricep deficiency, iliotibial tendinitis, pes bursitis, stiffness or prepatellar bursitis, 18.8% were due to projected pain, 2.7% were due to complex regional pain syndrome and 6.3% had no explaining diagnosis

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Paolo Salari Institute for Complex Arthroplasty and Revisions (ICAR), Villa Ulivella Clinic, Florence, Italy

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Andrea Baldini Institute for Complex Arthroplasty and Revisions (ICAR), Villa Ulivella Clinic, Florence, Italy

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adopt an algorithm to approach these cases and avoid failures. Pragmatically, stiff failed TKAs tend to fail in stiffness again and almost never in instability, while unstable TKAs tend to fail for instability again and almost never for stiffness. A

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Daan Vermeulen Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, St. Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, Utrecht, The Netherlands

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Mara Rosa van der Valk Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, St. Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, Utrecht, The Netherlands

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Laurens Kaas Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, St. Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, Utrecht, The Netherlands

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immobilization. 18 Therefore it is proposed that early mobilization prevents adverse events and can reduce pain and stiffness after treatment. 10 , 12 Immobilization with a removable posterior splint Removable splints are patient friendly, as

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Gautier Beckers Department of Surgery, Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, Montréal University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
Personalized Arthroplasty Society, Atlanta, Georgia, USA

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Vincent Massé Department of Surgery, Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, Montréal University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
Personalized Arthroplasty Society, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
Clinique Orthopédique Duval, Laval, Quebec, Canada

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Pascal-André Vendittoli Department of Surgery, Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, Montréal University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
Personalized Arthroplasty Society, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
Clinique Orthopédique Duval, Laval, Quebec, Canada

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Mina W Morcos Department of Surgery, Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, Montréal University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
Personalized Arthroplasty Society, Atlanta, Georgia, USA

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severely affected knees, stiffness and flexion contracture are frequently found. In addition, important angular deformities (varus or valgus), external rotation of the tibia and leg length discrepancy can be observed ( 9 , 10 ) ( Fig. 2 ). Early (age 1

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Gilles Pasquier Service de Chirurgie Orthopedique, Centre-Hospitalo-Universitaire de Lille, France

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Matthieu Ehlinger Service de Chirurgie Orthopedique et de Traumatologie, Hôpital de Hautepierre, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, France

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Didier Mainard Service de Chirurgie Orthopédique, Cente Hospitalo-Universitaire de Nancy, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire de Nancy, France

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, stiffness and extensor mechanism complications. 4 TKA revision often requires the use of more constrained implants. In the literature, hinged implants characterize the tibiofemoral junction. They are the most constrained types of implants. They are used

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Sohrab Keyhani Akhtar Orthopedic Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

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Mohammad Movahedinia Akhtar Orthopedic Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

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Arash Sherafat Vaziri Center of Orthopedic Trans-Disciplinary Applied Research, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

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Mehran Soleymanha Orthopedic Surgery, Poursina Hospital Orthopaedic Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran

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Fardis Vosoughi Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

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Mohammad Tahami Bone and Joint Disease Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran

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Robert F LaPrade Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA

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affects the joint, and tendon sheet, as a neoplastic proliferation of synovial tissue occurs ( 50 ). Patients with PVNS usually suffer from pain, reduced joint motion and even joint locking, frequent joint effusions, stiffness, and instability ( 51 ). In

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