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irreparable rotator cuff tears without osteoarthritis, 3 inflammatory arthritis, 4 fracture sequelae, 5 tumour resection, 6 failed hemiarthroplasty after fracture, 7 failed hemiarthroplasty with cuff deficiency, 8 failure after
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-grade nerve injury, who will fail to progress to a satisfactory recovery with ongoing functional deficit. 9 , 10 The classifications of nerve injuries provided by Seddon and Sunderland define the pathophysiology and pathoanatomy of the injury, which aids
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Trauma and Orthopedics Department, Centre of Posgraduate Medical Education, Otwock, Poland
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tong splints, and orthosis. After failed conservative treatment they performed surgical interventions ( 37 , 38 ).The average time to achieve bone union was 3.5 months ( 37 ). Scapular fractures were treated conservatively only ( 16 , 32 , 34 , 57
Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Division of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, Department of Surgery, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
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the most posterior or superior screw, while a further three occurred from the tip of the centre screw but failed to find a statistically significant association between screw placement and stress fracture. 65 Kennon et al investigated clinical and
Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Division of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, Department of Surgery, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
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prosthetic joint infection. 64 , 67 Chronic suppressive antibiotic therapy in select patients with retained components or failed previous treatment might also be useful. There are many dilemmas that remain unresolved regarding the shoulder prosthetic joint
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bony congruence. The anterior bundle of the MCL is mostly isometric throughout the full ROM while the posterior bundle of the MCL becomes taut in flexion. The average valgus load at which the MCL fails is 260 N and it seldom fails acutely. 3 , 9 , 23
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include distal humeral non-union after a failed attempted ORIF. Relatively preserved cartilage on the radial head and proximal ulna is a pre-requisite for the use of elbow HA. Surgeons should be aware that elbow HA for any indication is an off-label use of
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varies from 21–100%. 32 If closed reduction fails, the options may be open reduction and stabilization of the joint or to accept the dislocation, as long-term results can still be satisfactory. Fery and Sommelet 26 reviewed long-term results
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Chirurgie de l’Épaule, Service d’Orthopédie et Traumatologie, Ensemble Hospitalier de la Côte, Morges, Switzerland
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moderate group ( P < 0.001) and from 20.3 preoperatively to 91.8 postoperatively in the severe group ( P < 0.001). The two patients who failed to improve both had graft tears. This study provides the best evidence for the use of SCR in pseudoparesis
Shoulder Unit, Department of Orthopaedics, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de Santo António, Hospital de Santo António, Porto, Portugal
Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar da Universidade do Porto (ICBAS-UP), Porto, Portugal
Department of Orthopaedics, Hospital Lusíadas, Porto, Portugal
Shoulder and Elbow Unit, Hospital Lusíadas, Porto, Portugal
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Department of Orthopaedics, Hospital Lusíadas, Porto, Portugal
Shoulder and Elbow Unit, Hospital Lusíadas, Porto, Portugal
Department of Orthopaedics, Hospital da Luz Arrábida, Portugal
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the lack of mid- to long-term outcome data. The right candidate is according to Frank et al. ‘a patient with intolerable pain or unacceptable dysfunction who have failed nonoperative treatment with MIRCTs and have minimal to no rotator cuff
