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stability of the whole pelvic ring in order to facilitate early mobilization of the patients. A minimally invasive option to stabilize the anterior pelvic ring is the use of the external fixator. This procedure has been well investigated, carries a minimal
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an extensive open release the elbow was unstable, and they protected a ligament repair with a hinged external fixator. A good outcome and stable joints were reported. Pennig et al 42 and Wang et al 43 used external fixation either as a stand
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-wire fixation of the undisplaced neck fracture and the application of an external fixator on the femoral shaft on the day of his admission. Subsequently, the FN-FD was managed using a single implant (closed reduction of the intracapsular fracture and mini open
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neurovascular status pre and post reduction. The knee should then be immobilized with plaster of Paris or extension splint to maintain reduction, preserve neurovascular function and allow swelling to improve. Immediate stabilization (external fixator vs
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, 34 ). Bor et al. ( 10 ) reported four patients who were treated with closed reduction, proximal ulnar osteotomy, and Ilizarov external fixator received good clinical outcomes. Similar results were then reported by Take et al. ( 10 , 45 ) and
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reduced and constrained immediately. Here, transfixation with an external fixator becomes increasingly the treatment of choice. It protects the compromised soft tissue, reduces pain and offers stability as well as immediate access to the soft tissue ( 7
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a mainstay in the treatment of tibial shaft fractures. Other fixation methods remain viable options, and a lot of ongoing research focuses on comparing IMN to external fixators in managing these injuries. Several studies have shown IMN to be
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. The BOA/BAPRAS standards recommend provisional stabilization before definitive fixation, unless this can be achieved at primary debridement. In such cases spanning external fixation is recommended. 23 , 24 The use of external fixators in
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fractures was proposed by several authors. 32 - 34 The first stage included fixation of the fibula and application of an external fixator medially. Definitive distal tibial fixation was performed only after the resolution of soft-tissue oedema, usually
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have returned to normal. In the meantime, external fixators and/or spacers will provide some temporary stabilisation while systemic and/or local antibiosis will sterilise the infected site. However, the prolonged hospitalisation and its associated costs
