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Stig Storgaard Jakobsen Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark

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Søren Overgaard Orthopaedic Research Unit, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology, Odense University Hospital, Denmark

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Kjeld Søballe Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark

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Ole Ovesen Orthopaedic Research Unit, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology, Odense University Hospital, Denmark

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Bjarne Mygind-Klavsen Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark

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Christian Andreas Dippmann Section for Sports Traumatology M51, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Bispebjerg Hospital, Denmark

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Michael Ulrich Jensen Department of Orthopaedics, Aalborg University Hospital, Denmark

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Jens Stürup Department of Orthopaedics, National University Hospital, Denmark

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Jens Retpen Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Copenhagen University Hospital, Gentofte, Denmark

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Background The interest in treating hip pathologies, such as developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH), femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) and labral tears in patients without radiographic signs of osteoarthritis (OA), has rapidly increased

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Gerardo Fusco Humanitas University, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Milan, Italy
IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan, Italy
These authors contributed equally to the article and should both be considered first authors

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Francesco M. Gambaro Humanitas University, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Milan, Italy
IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan, Italy
These authors contributed equally to the article and should both be considered first authors

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Berardo Di Matteo Humanitas University, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Milan, Italy
First Moscow State Medical University – Sechenov University, Moscow, Russia

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Elizaveta Kon Humanitas University, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Milan, Italy
IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan, Italy

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Introduction Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative disease with a tendency to worsen over time, characterized by articular cartilage degradation, subchondral damage, and bone remodelling, most commonly affecting weight-bearing joints such as

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E. Carlos Rodríguez-Merchán Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, La Paz University Hospital - IdiPaz, Spain

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Primitivo Gómez-Cardero Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, La Paz University Hospital - IdiPaz, Spain

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Introduction Knee osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common form of lower-limb OA. 1 It is estimated that 6% of those aged 30 years and older and 15% of those aged 45 years and older experience the condition, 2 with a lifetime risk of

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Mattia Alessio-Mazzola IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Unità Clinica di Ortopedia e Traumatologia, Via Olgettina, Milan, Italy

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Giacomo Placella Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Via Olgettina, Milan, Italy

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Luigi Zagra Hip Department, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Milan, Italy

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Orlando Leone Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Via Olgettina, Milan, Italy

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Natasha Di Fabio Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Via Olgettina, Milan, Italy

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Desiree Moharamzadeh IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Unità Clinica di Ortopedia e Traumatologia, Via Olgettina, Milan, Italy

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Vincenzo Salini Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Via Olgettina, Milan, Italy

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Introduction Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury represents a well-recognized risk factor for the future development of knee osteoarthritis (OA) ( 1 ) as instability is a leading cause of cartilage and meniscal damage with a growing

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Serkan Bayram Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Istanbul University, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey

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Ahmet Salduz Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Istanbul University, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey

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Ahmet Müçteba Yıldırım Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Istanbul University, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey

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Korhan Özkan Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Istanbul Medeniyet University, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey

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Levent Eralp Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Retired Professor of Istanbul University, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey

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Harzem Özger Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Retired Professor of Istanbul University, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey

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%) patients developed knee osteoarthritis due to extensive curettage and bone cement application for benign aggressive tumor treatment ( Table 3 ). Table 3 Number of patients and OA events. Study Sample size OA events Wechsler

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Haroon Majeed Manchester University Foundation NHS Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom

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Introduction Osteoarthritis (OA) of the first metatarsophalangeal joint (MTPJ) has been reported to affect between 35% and 65% of adults older than 65 years. 1 The pain and stiffness associated with osteoarthritis of the first MTPJ can

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Omar A. Al-Mohrej King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Saudi Arabia

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Nader S. Al-Kenani King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Saudi Arabia

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  • Ankle sprains fall into two main categories: acute ankle sprains and chronic ankle instability, which are among the most common recurrent injuries during occupational activities, athletic events, training and army service.

  • Acute ankle sprain is usually managed conservatively and functional rehabilitation failure by conservative treatment leads to development of chronic ankle instability, which most often requires surgical intervention.

  • Enhancing the in-depth knowledge of the ankle anatomy, biomechanics and pathology helps greatly in deciding the management options.

Cite this article: Al-Mohrej OA, Al-Kenani NS. Acute ankle sprain: conservative or surgical approach? EFORT Open Rev 2016;1:34-44. DOI: 10.1302/2058-5241.1.000010.

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David T. Wallace Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
Department of Orthopaedics, Golden Jubilee National Hospital, Clydebank, UK

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Philip E. Riches Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK

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Frédéric Picard Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
Department of Orthopaedics, Golden Jubilee National Hospital, Clydebank, UK

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Introduction Instability - reported as a feeling of buckling or giving way - is a commonplace symptom in osteoarthritic (OA) knees, being found in up to 72% of individuals. 1 – 5 In an attempt to understand and treat instability, either

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Simon Donell University of East Anglia, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences - Norwich Medical School, UK

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Introduction Subchondral bone is the bedrock of a joint on which sits the articular cartilage. Traditionally, osteoarthritis (OA) has been considered to be wear and tear of articular cartilage, but more recent evidence has shown that

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Habeeb Bishi South West London Elective Orthopaedic Centre, Epsom General Hospital, Epsom, Surrey, UK

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Joshua B V Smith South West London Elective Orthopaedic Centre, Epsom General Hospital, Epsom, Surrey, UK

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Vipin Asopa South West London Elective Orthopaedic Centre, Epsom General Hospital, Epsom, Surrey, UK

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Richard E Field South West London Elective Orthopaedic Centre, Epsom General Hospital, Epsom, Surrey, UK

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Chao Wang South West London Elective Orthopaedic Centre, Epsom General Hospital, Epsom, Surrey, UK

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David H Sochart South West London Elective Orthopaedic Centre, Epsom General Hospital, Epsom, Surrey, UK

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Brenneis et al. (12) 2021 RCT Germany 51 51 Unilateral hip OA II Hassani et al. (18) 2014 CS Switzerland 50 50 Not reported IV Huo et al . (19) 2021 CS China 59 53 DDH: 16; OA: 16; Osteonecrosis: 16

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