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hyperintensity signal on T2 scans, a marker of oedema that is correlated with pain levels and to non-surgical management success ( Fig. 1 ). 8 Percutaneous treatment of these types of fractures consists of bone cement augmentation with or without the use of
Academic Department of Trauma and Orthopaedics, LGI, University of Leeds, UK
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NIHR Leeds Biomedical Research Center, Chapel Allerton Hospital, Leeds, UK
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complex fractures. This review aims to highlight recent advances in diagnosis, management and treatment of this challenging fracture group. Classification Many classifications have been proposed to describe sacral fractures; however, being a
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grip. 45 With development of minimally invasive, percutaneous techniques there has been a trend towards operative management of non or minimally displaced waist fractures. The short-term advantage of operative treatment is return to work or sports
National Institute for Health Research Bristol Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust and University of Bristol, UK.
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National Institute for Health Research Bristol Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust and University of Bristol, UK.
North Bristol NHS Trust, Southmead Hospital, Bristol, UK.
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National Institute for Health Research Bristol Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust and University of Bristol, UK.
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appropriate, targeted management in this early subacute phase, potentially halting progression into longer-term pain and disability. 15 Despite a good outcome for many, a considerable proportion of patients have chronic pain after TKA. In a systematic
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, hypercalcaemia, etc, which lead to a substantial burden for both the patients and financially for society. This review discusses the diagnostic work-up, prognostic factors, survival and surgical management of the metastatic lesions affecting the spine and long
Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Laboratorio di Biomeccanica e Innovazione Tecnologica, Bologna (BO), Italy
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challenging condition from the several points of view of aetiology, evaluation and management. The aim of this narrative review is therefore to present an up-to-date overview of ‘patellofemoral dysplasia’, analysing the possible aetiology, the various
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biomaterials, design and industrial finishing, the per-operative management (blood loss and pain control) and the post-operative protocols (the so called “fast track” surgery). Looking at all these advances the emerging question is: have all of them been
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pathologies are frequently encountered in patients with chronic lateral ankle instability or cavovarus hindfoot alignment, and usually result from prolonged, repetitive athletic activities or ankle inversion injuries. The management of these conditions is
Hospital Sotero del Rio, Santiago, Chile
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Orthopaedics Department of Minho University, Portugal
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the anatomy and biomechanics, coupled with poor patient outcomes with non-operative management, resulted in the PLC often being labelled as the ‘dark side’ of the knee. 5 In the last two decades, extensive research 6 – 9 has resulted in a
Universidad Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
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Department of Trauma and Orthopaedic Surgery, Hospital Nostra Senyora de Meritxell, Andorra
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Universidad de Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
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Universidad Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
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, and recently the second classification has been published ( 15 , 16 ). Management of these fractures is challenging for some reasons: alterations in anatomy, the presence of osteosynthesis fixation devices and phenomena such as stress shielding