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Signe Steenstrup Jensen Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Traumatology, Lillebaelt Hospital, Kolding, Denmark
Institute of Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark

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Niels Martin Jensen Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Traumatology, Lillebaelt Hospital, Kolding, Denmark

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Per Hviid Gundtoft Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Traumatology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark

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Søren Kold Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark

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Robert Zura Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Louisiana State University Medical Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA

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Bjarke Viberg Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Traumatology, Lillebaelt Hospital, Kolding, Denmark
Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Traumatology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
Institute of Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark

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-analysis been performed previously. This study aimed to systematically review risk factors for nonunion following surgically treated diaphyseal fractures in adults. Materials and methods Protocol and registration The study was based upon the

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Marco Guidi Department of Plastic Surgery and Hand Surgery, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland

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Florian S. Frueh Department of Plastic Surgery and Hand Surgery, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland

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Inga Besmens Department of Plastic Surgery and Hand Surgery, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland

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Maurizio Calcagni Department of Plastic Surgery and Hand Surgery, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland

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breakage (8%), complex regional pain syndrome (two patients) and deep infection (one patient). Jann et al 8 reported results of 20 unstable metacarpal fractures which were surgically managed with compression screws. Out of 15 patients, one required

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Hagen Schmal Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark.
Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Freiburg University Hospital, Freiburg, Germany.

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Michael Brix Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark.

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Mats Bue Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Horsens Regional Hospital, Horsens, Denmark

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Anna Ekman Orthopaedic Department, Södersjukhuset, Stockholm, Sweden

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Nando Ferreira Division of Orthopaedics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa

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Hans Gottlieb Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Herlev Hospital, Herlev, Denmark

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Søren Kold Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark

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Andrew Taylor Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nottingham University Hospitals, UK

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Peter Toft Tengberg Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, Copenhagen, Denmark

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Ilija Ban Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, Copenhagen, Denmark

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Danish Orthopaedic Trauma Society Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, Copenhagen, Denmark

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computed tomography (SPECT)/CT scan is another possibility for testing, with a low sensitivity but good specificity for infection and non-viability of the nonunion site. 65 However, data are preliminary. 66 As an additional risk factor, infection

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Ilse Degreef Department of Orthopaedic, Hand Unit, Leuven University Hospitals, Gasthuisberg, Herestraat, Leuven, Belgium

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Donald H Lalonde Division of Plastic Surgery, Dalhousie University, Saint John, New Brunswick, Canada

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in the risk of surgical site infections ( 6 , 7 , 8 ). Epinephrine eliminated the need for the tourniquet, which was a standard of care for decades in hand surgery ( 9 ). Tourniqueting is a painful technique that caused temporary neuropraxia

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Francesco Benazzo Department of Clinical-Surgical Sciences, Diagnostics and Pediatrics, University of Pavia, Italy

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Stefano M.P. Rossi Department of Clinical-Surgical Sciences, Diagnostics and Pediatrics, University of Pavia, Italy

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Alberto Combi Department of Clinical-Surgical Sciences, Diagnostics and Pediatrics, University of Pavia, Italy

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Sanjay Meena SICOT Fellow at Department of Clinical-Surgical Sciences, Diagnostics and Pediatrics, University of Pavia, Italy

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Matteo Ghiara Department of Clinical-Surgical Sciences, Diagnostics and Pediatrics, University of Pavia, Italy

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, latent infection and soft tissue envelope compromise. 2 Trauma can cause acute cartilage damage with necrosis of cartilage cells 3 and chronic damage following alteration of the normal limb axis. Another cause of articular degeneration can be a

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Karl Stoffel Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland

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Christoph Sommer Department of Surgery, Kantonsspital Graubuenden, Chur, Switzerland

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Mark Lee Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, UC Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, California, USA

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Tracy Y Zhu AO Innovation Translation Center, AO Foundation, Davos, Switzerland

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Karsten Schwieger AO Innovation Translation Center, AO Foundation, Davos, Switzerland

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Christopher Finkemeier Sutter Roseville Medical Center, Roseville, California, USA

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over 60 years old ( 3 ). Retrograde intramedullary nail (rIMN) and lateral locking compression plate (LCP) are common surgical treatments for distal femoral fractures. Healing difficulties following locking plate are not uncommon. Rates of non-union are

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Jean-Pierre St Mart Department of Trauma and Orthopaedics, King’s College Hospital, London, UK

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En Lin Goh Oxford University Clinical Academic Graduate School, Medical Sciences Division, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK

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associated with robotic total knee arthroplasty . J Knee Surg 2018 ; 31 : 17 – 21 . 79. Teo BJX Yeo W Chong HC Tan AHC . Surgical site infection after primary total knee arthroplasty is associated with a longer

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Mark F Siemensma Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Department of Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands

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Anna E van der Windt Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Department of Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands

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Eline M van Es Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Department of Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands

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Joost W Colaris Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Department of Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands

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Denise Eygendaal Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Department of Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands

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impingement or soft tissue contractures resistant to conservative treatment. Open arthrolysis or arthroscopic arthrolysis are the primary surgical options, for which the decision is based upon multiple factors, including the etiology, site of previous surgery

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Julie J. Willeumier Department of Orthopaedics, Leiden University Medical Centre, The Netherlands

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Yvette M. van der Linden Department of Orthopaedics, Leiden University Medical Centre, The Netherlands

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Michiel A.J. van de Sande Department of Orthopaedics, Leiden University Medical Centre, The Netherlands

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P.D. Sander Dijkstra Department of Orthopaedics, Leiden University Medical Centre, The Netherlands

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to pain, pathological fractures, immobility, decreased functioning, and hypercalcaemia. Over half of patients experience clinical symptoms for which treatment is required, 3 of whom only a minority are surgically treated. 4 In the long bones

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Carsten Perka Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery, Charité Medical University Center, Berlin, Germany

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Maziar Mohaddes Hässleholms Hospital, Region Skåne, Hässleholm, Sweden
Orthopedics, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden

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Luigi Zagra Hip Department, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Milan, Italy

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Axel Ekkernkamp BG Klinikum Unfallkrankenhaus Berlin gGmbH, Berlin, Germany
BG Kliniken – Klinikverbund der gesetzlichen Unfallversicherung gGmbH, Berlin, Germany

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Niklas Keller Harding Center for Risk Literacy, University of Potsdam, Faculty of Health Sciences, Potsdam, Germany

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Dirk Stengel BG Kliniken – Klinikverbund der gesetzlichen Unfallversicherung gGmbH, Berlin, Germany

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-up, or hazard ratio (HR). Co-primary outcomes Incidence of and/or surgical revision for prosthetic infection, operationalized as deep surgical site infection (SSI) according to criteria of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention ( https

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