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Christof Audretsch BG Trauma Center, Department for Traumatology and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany

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Alexander Trulson BG Trauma Center, Department of Trauma Surgery, Murnau am Staffelsee, Germany

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Andreas Höch Department of Orthopedics, Trauma and Plastic Surgery, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany

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Steven C Herath BG Trauma Center, Department for Traumatology and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany

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Tina Histing BG Trauma Center, Department for Traumatology and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany

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Markus A Küper BG Trauma Center, Department for Traumatology and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany

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Working Group on Pelvic Fractures of the German Trauma Society
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uncontrollable factors like age, fracture type, damage of femoral head, posterior displacement, associated injuries, and comorbidities and controllable factors, such as timing of surgery, surgical approach, local or systemic complications. Timely and, if possible

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Alessandro Colombi Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, ASST Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy

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Daniele Schena Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, ASST Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy

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Claudio Carlo Castelli Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, ASST Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy

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surgical approaches. Clinical preoperative examinations must also assess the patient’s gait, hip range of motion, ipsilateral knee status, lumbosacral spine and fixed or functional deformities. Both the actual and functional limb-length discrepancies must

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Pierre-Louis Docquier Cliniques universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium

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Laurent Paul 3D Side, Belgium

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Khanh TranDuy 3D Side, Belgium

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obtained (according to the pre-operative planning). Surgical technique During the surgery, the patient is positioned in the supine position with the arm placed on an arm board with a tourniquet. A 4 cm to 5 cm lateral approach is used. After

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Ilse Degreef Institute for Orthopedic Research and Training (IORT), Department of Development and Regeneration, Faculty of Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium

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Kira Vande Voorde Institute for Orthopedic Research and Training (IORT), Department of Development and Regeneration, Faculty of Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium

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Maarten Van Nuffel Institute for Orthopedic Research and Training (IORT), Department of Development and Regeneration, Faculty of Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium

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subcutaneously from within the approached ray, lifting and tilting the hand to allow for microscopic exposure. Distal to the natatory ligaments, dissection usually becomes more challenging, and, if needed, surgical micro-instruments (mostly scissors) are used

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Paolo Salari Institute for Complex Arthroplasty and Revisions (ICAR), Villa Ulivella Clinic, Florence, Italy

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Andrea Baldini Institute for Complex Arthroplasty and Revisions (ICAR), Villa Ulivella Clinic, Florence, Italy

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issues related to surgical exposure, bone loss management and implant selection. 2 In the current article, authors provide a practical guide to approach revision knee surgery. Preoperative evaluation Understanding the cause of the prosthetic

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Markus S. Hanke Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland

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Florian Schmaranzer Department of Diagnostic, Interventional and Pediatric Radiology, University Hospital of Bern, Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland

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Simon D. Steppacher Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland

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Till D. Lerch Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland

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Klaus A. Siebenrock Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland

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after Perthes disease, avascular necrosis of the femoral head, together with the development of new surgical approaches and procedures, have revolutionized the field of hip-preserving surgery. Pre-operative workup Conventional radiographs remain

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Andrea Fidanza Unit of Orthopaedics and Traumatology - Department of life, Health & Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, Italy
Hand Unit, Guy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK

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Stefano Necozione Unit of Clinical Epidemiology - Department of life, Health & Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, Italy

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Lorenzo Garagnani Hand Unit, Guy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King’s College London, London, UK

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denervation techniques used ( 3 ). Since Berger's description of the technique of surgical neurectomy of the anterior interosseous nerve (AIN) and posterior interosseous nerve (PIN) using the same dorsal approach, numerous surgeons have reported this

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Augusto Covaro ICATME, Institut Universitari Quirón-Dexeus, Barcelona, Spain

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Gemma Vilà-Canet ICATME, Institut Universitari Quirón-Dexeus, Barcelona, Spain

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Ana García de Frutos ICATME, Institut Universitari Quirón-Dexeus, Barcelona, Spain

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Maite T. Ubierna ICATME, Institut Universitari Quirón-Dexeus, Barcelona, Spain

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Francesco Ciccolo ICATME, Institut Universitari Quirón-Dexeus, Barcelona, Spain

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Enric Caceres Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona, Spain

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diagnostic outcomes. 19 Management Conservative treatment The objectives of non-surgical treatment are to alleviate pain and improve function. The initial treatment of LSS is non-surgical. The most effective non-surgical treatment is a

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José Nuno Ferreira Department of Orthopaedics, Hospital Beatriz Ângelo, Portugal

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João Vide Department of Orthopaedics, Hospital Beatriz Ângelo, Portugal

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Daniel Mendes Department of Orthopaedics, Hospital Beatriz Ângelo, Portugal

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João Protásio Department of Orthopaedics, Hospital Beatriz Ângelo, Portugal

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Rui Viegas Department of Orthopaedics, Hospital Beatriz Ângelo, Portugal

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Manuel Resende Sousa Department of Orthopaedics, Hospital da Luz, Portugal

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the limitations of its efficacy, nonsurgical treatment remains the initial approach to the management of impingement syndromes. 34 However, most patients will be subjected to surgical approaches to treat this syndrome, mainly when it affects

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Abdel Rahim Elniel Leeds Teaching Hospitals Trust, UK

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Peter V. Giannoudis Academic Department of Trauma and Orthopaedics, Leeds Teaching Hospitals, University of Leeds, UK; NIHR Leeds Biomedical Research Unit, Chapel Allerton Hospital, UK

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with external pressure 23 and consideration of more radical approaches if bleeding remains uncontrolled. Vascular damage should be addressed surgically within 3 to 4 hours 24 of injury, but may be delayed to 6 hours in warm limbs. The

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