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pseudotumours occur in adults and do not respond to conservative treatment. Large proximal pseudotumours in adults should be removed surgically as soon as they are diagnosed. Distal pseudotumours occurring distal to the wrist and ankle appear to be secondary to
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by metastases. 39 The mainstay treatment is rigid surgical stabilisation because of a high incidence of nonunion and inadequate relief of pain with conservative treatment. 40 Although the upper extremities are not primarily weight
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of LPDS may include the cases of PFDS as well because it can only occur with a RHL. Thus, it is necessary to evaluate the surgical and conservative treatment results of two different patient groups separately. PFDS cases are classified by the number
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patients with non-displaced cartilage lesions can be treated non-operatively. Conservative treatment includes restriction of physical activity, partial weight-bearing and in case of a hindfoot varus or valgus, corrective orthopedic insoles. Seo et al
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subsequently has limited value when deciding on treatment options. Treatment decisions are influenced on clinical symptoms, skeletal maturity and characteristics of the lesion (size, location and stability). Conservative treatment Conservative treatment
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typically limited to the posterior labrum and small RHSLs, conservative treatment is indicated in most cases. Young age, posterior decentering of the humeral head, and a higher gamma angle (according to Moroder et al. ( 48 )) are risk factors for
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University Hospital Antwerp, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Edegem, Belgium
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Acute complete tears Although patients do not always report a subjective loss of strength, 32 a number of biomechanical studies clearly showed a loss in strength and endurance of conservative treatment when compared to surgical repair. Conservative
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Casa di Cura Villa Betania, Rome, Italy
Marrelli Hospital, Crotone, Italy
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specialists trained in knee sonography. 21 , 22 Conservative treatment The treatment for isolated Grade I and II MCL injuries is mainly conservative, while for Grade III MCL injuries it depends on whether the injuries are isolated or combined
National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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neutral/inverted hindfoot or >15° With inversion of hindfoot or < −15° Poor Recurrence of deformity; requires triple joint fusion surgery Treatment of cavovarus Conservative
Ludwig Maximilian University Munich, Klinik für Orthopädie und Unfallchirurgie, Muskuloskelettales Zentrum München (MUM), Marchionostraße, Munich, Germany
Justus Maximilian University Wuerzburg, König-Ludwig-Haus, Brettreichstraße, Würzburg, Germany
Paracelsus Medizinische Privatuniversität, Strubergasse, Salzburg, Austria
Working Group Clinical Tissue Regeneration of the German Society of Orthopaedics and Traumatology (DGOU), Berlin, Germany
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Ludwig Maximilian University Munich, Klinik für Orthopädie und Unfallchirurgie, Muskuloskelettales Zentrum München (MUM), Marchionostraße, Munich, Germany
Working Group Clinical Tissue Regeneration of the German Society of Orthopaedics and Traumatology (DGOU), Berlin, Germany
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Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Universitätsklinikum Halle (Saale), DOUW - Abteilung für Unfall- und Wiederherstellungschirurgie, Ernst-Grube-Straße, Halle, Germany
BG-Klinikum Bergmannstrost Halle, Halle, Saale, Germany
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and fixed with bone harvested from the osteotomy site, with excellent results regardless of size and/or chronicity. The technique can also be considered in unstable and detached fragments in children after failed conservative treatment, which is the
