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Martin Krismer Department of Orthopaedics, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria

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using heads up to 36 mm diameter. Peri-prosthetic fracture In a register study, 27 the rate of periprosthetic fracture was 0.9% five years after primary THA (n = 52 136), and 1.7% after ten years. It is lower in males (0.6% and 1.2%) than

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Maurizio Calcagni University Hospital Zürich, Switzerland

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Thomas Giesen University Hospital Zürich, Switzerland

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be found which described attempts at prosthetic replacement. What we define as Type 2 implants are those that partially or completely replace the ulna head only, some of them presenting with features engineered to allow the reattachment of the

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Volkmar Jansson Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University Hospital of Munich (LMU), Campus Grosshadern, Munich, Germany

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Alexander Grimberg German Arthroplasty Registry (EPRD Deutsche Endoprothesenregister gGmbH), Berlin, Germany

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Oliver Melsheimer German Arthroplasty Registry (EPRD Deutsche Endoprothesenregister gGmbH), Berlin, Germany

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Carsten Perka Charité Center for Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Charité University Hospital, Berlin, Germany

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Arnd Steinbrück Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University Hospital of Munich (LMU), Campus Grosshadern, Munich, Germany
German Arthroplasty Registry (EPRD Deutsche Endoprothesenregister gGmbH), Berlin, Germany

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preference in Germany for a ceramic head articulating on highly crosslinked polyethylene in hip arthroplasty. Ceramic heads are utilized in 87.3% of all prosthetic total hip joints ( Table 2 ), which represents a growth of almost 2% since 2014. This high

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Cheuk Yin Li School of Medical Education, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK

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Kenneth Jordan Ng Cheong Chung School of Medical Education, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK

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Omar M. E. Ali School of Medical Education, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK

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Nicholas D. H. Chung School of Medical Education, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK

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Cheuk Heng Li School of Medical Education, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK

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. 99 Cytokines that cause pain primarily include IL-1β. 100 In addition, there is also evidence to suggest direct activation of nociceptor neurons by pathogens themselves. 101 A major cause for prosthetic joint infection is gram

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Izaäk F. Kodde Orthopedic Center Antwerp, AZ Monica Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium
Department of Orthopedic Surgery, St. Antonius Hospital, Utrecht, The Netherlands

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Jetske Viveen Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Upper Limb Unit, Amphia Hospital, Breda, The Netherlands

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Bertram The Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Upper Limb Unit, Amphia Hospital, Breda, The Netherlands

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Roger P. van Riet Orthopedic Center Antwerp, AZ Monica Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium

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Denise Eygendaal Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Upper Limb Unit, Amphia Hospital, Breda, The Netherlands
Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

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. Diagnosis of prosthetic joint infection: cultures, biomarker and criteria . Infect Dis Clin North Am 2017 ; 31 : 219 – 235 . 15. Somerson JS Morrey ME Sanchez-Sotelo J Morrey BF . Diagnosis and management of

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Marco Gupton MountainView Regional Medical Center, Orthopaedic Surgery Residency, Las Cruces, New Mexico, USA

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Jordan E Johnson MountainView Regional Medical Center, Orthopaedic Surgery Residency, Las Cruces, New Mexico, USA

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G Robert Cummings MountainView Regional Medical Center, Orthopaedic Surgery Residency, Las Cruces, New Mexico, USA

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Chenthuran Deivaraju Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Minnesota, St Cloud, Minnesota, USA

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- and postoperative x-rays or advanced imaging; (iii) TKA performed for osteoarthritis; (iv) reported subjective and/or objective patient outcomes in relation to PFJ overstuffing; (v) patient follow-up of at least 1 year; (vi) prosthetic implant that is

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Xiang-Dong Wu Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Fourth Clinical College of Peking University, Beijing, China

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Yixin Zhou Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Fourth Clinical College of Peking University, Beijing, China

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Hongyi Shao Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Fourth Clinical College of Peking University, Beijing, China

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Dejin Yang Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Fourth Clinical College of Peking University, Beijing, China

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Sheng-Jie Guo Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Fourth Clinical College of Peking University, Beijing, China

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Wei Huang Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China

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, publication year, country, study design, patient demographics, revision surgery, robotic systems, prosthetic designs, registration techniques, and reported outcomes. Extracted data were entered into a pre-generated standardized Excel (Microsoft Corporation

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David González-Martín Orthopedic Surgery and Traumatology Service, Hospital Universitario de Canarias, Tenerife, Spain
Universidad de La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain

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José Luis Pais-Brito Orthopedic Surgery and Traumatology Service, Hospital Universitario de Canarias, Tenerife, Spain
Universidad de La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain

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Sergio González-Casamayor Orthopedic Surgery and Traumatology Service, Hospital Universitario de Canarias, Tenerife, Spain

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Ayron Guerra-Ferraz Orthopedic Surgery and Traumatology Service, Hospital Universitario de Canarias, Tenerife, Spain

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Jorge Ojeda-Jiménez Orthopedic Surgery and Traumatology Service, Hospital Universitario de Canarias, Tenerife, Spain
Universidad de La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain

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Mario Herrera-Pérez Orthopedic Surgery and Traumatology Service, Hospital Universitario de Canarias, Tenerife, Spain
Universidad de La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain

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either non-surgically or surgically, depending on the stability of the fracture; for type B1, the recommended treatment is open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF); for type B2, they recommend prosthetic replacement using a longer stem; type B3

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Michele Vasso Concordia Hospital for Special Surgery, Rome, Italy

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Alexander Antoniadis Bürgerspital Solothurn, Switzerland

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Naeder Helmy Bürgerspital Solothurn, Switzerland

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or fixed, progression of the disease or loosening being the most common. Less frequent failures are infection, peri-prosthetic fractures, persistent pain or ankylosis. Between these two groups, there is a major difference: in one, failures are due to

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Razvan Ene Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Orthopedics and Traumatology Department, Bucharest, Romania
Bucharest Emergency Clinical Hospital, Romania

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Mihai Nica Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Orthopedics and Traumatology Department, Bucharest, Romania
University Emergency Hospital Bucharest, Romania

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Dragos Ene Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Orthopedics and Traumatology Department, Bucharest, Romania
Bucharest Emergency Clinical Hospital, Romania

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Adrian Cursaru Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Orthopedics and Traumatology Department, Bucharest, Romania
University Emergency Hospital Bucharest, Romania

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Catalin Cirstoiu Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Orthopedics and Traumatology Department, Bucharest, Romania
University Emergency Hospital Bucharest, Romania

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under investigation refers to potential increased wear of the prosthetic joint articular surfaces by the interposition of the material beads and the mechanical abrasion during joint movement. Going back to the basic principles, the main objectives for

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