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Foundation, Switzerland. Used with permission. The treatment of trochanteric fractures is mainly surgical, with non-operative treatment being reserved for non-ambulatory, severely demented patients with controllable pain or patients with terminal
Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Spine Unit, Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CHUM), Canada.
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protect neural elements and maintain/restore neurologic function; (2) to prevent or correct segmental collapse and deformity; (3) to prevent spinal instability and pain; (4) to permit early ambulation and return to function; and (5) to restore normal
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, and whether the loss of active motion is influenced by pain. There is further debate as to the role and indications for specific non-operative and operative treatments. The variety of definitions for pseudoparalysis found in the literature ( 1 , 2
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Department of Mechanical Engineering, Imperial College, London, UK
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Radiologically, Burbank et al identified an incidence of 6.5% using axillary radiographs from 93 patients presenting to an upper limb clinic with shoulder pain. 12 The most recent evidence using MRI imaging in a cohort of 1042 patients suggests a lower
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Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences (NDORMS), University of Oxford, UK
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-collar removal? What imaging needs to be requested? How to clear obtunded patients? An additional question arose during the research: How to manage patients with neck pain after a negative cervical CT scan? We have endeavoured to answer this tricky question as
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Applied and Translational Research (ATR) Center, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
Università della Svizzera Italiana, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Lugano, Switzerland
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Introduction Knee osteoarthritis (OA) is one of the most common orthopedic diseases and represents a major cause of knee pain and disability in older adults ( 1 , 2 ). The prevalence of this degenerative condition is currently rising, with a
St George’s, University of London, London, UK
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St George’s, University of London, London, UK
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common deformity at relapse, 19 and is a cause of pain and functional limitation. Stouten et al reported that isolated equinus deformity accounted for 40% of all observed relapses, with a further 36% displaying some element of equinus. 20 In a
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direct trauma to the apex of the shoulder with the arm in adducted position. 9 Patients commonly complain of superior shoulder pain with attempts at upper extremity elevation. There is a point tenderness over the AC joint. The force pushes the
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Introduction Pathological abnormality of the peroneal tendons is an under-appreciated source of lateral hindfoot pain and dysfunction that can be difficult to distinguish from lateral ankle ligament injuries. In a study by Dombek et al, 1
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classification Consensus Acute ankle instability occurs after a traumatic supination trauma. It presents with pain and tenderness on the ATFL, peri-malleolar swelling and effusion, ecchymosis and gait impairment. Usually, the severity of this condition is
