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Daniel Bachman University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, USA

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Akin Cil University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, USA

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to secure the epicondyles and collateral ligaments if they are fractured or torn. Indications Currently elbow HA is used in the setting of the unfixable distal humerus fracture in the physiologically active patient. Additional indications

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Laurent Nové-Josserand Ramsay Générale de Santé, Hôpital Privé Jean Memoz, Centre Orthopédique Santy, Lyon, France

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deltopectoral approach, the humerus is pushed back, while in the transdeltoid approach, it is pushed down. This important step can only be performed once the inferior glenohumeral ligament is cut, as this is the anatomical structure that stabilizes the

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Rita Grazina Serviço de Ortopedia e Traumatologia, Centro Hospitalar Vila Nova de Gaia/Espinho, Portugal

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Sérgio Teixeira Serviço de Cirurgia Plástica, Reconstrutiva e Estética e Unidade de Queimados, Centro Hospitalar de São João, Portugal

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Renato Ramos Serviço de Ortopedia e Traumatologia, Centro Hospitalar Vila Nova de Gaia/Espinho, Portugal

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Henrique Sousa Serviço de Ortopedia e Traumatologia, Centro Hospitalar Vila Nova de Gaia/Espinho, Portugal

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Andreia Ferreira Serviço de Ortopedia e Traumatologia, Centro Hospitalar Vila Nova de Gaia/Espinho, Portugal

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Rui Lemos Serviço de Ortopedia e Traumatologia, Centro Hospitalar Vila Nova de Gaia/Espinho, Portugal

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palmaris longus tendon. Longitudinal fibres form the pre-tendinous bands; transverse fibres form two distinct bands, one proximal (the proximal transverse palmar ligament) and one distal (the natatory ligament), and the vertical fibres (Legueu and Juvara

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Lars Adolfsson Department of Orthopaedics, University Hospital of Linköping, Sweden

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combination with the collateral ligaments allows very little laxity under normal circumstances and the proximal radio-ulnar joint is tightly stabilized by the lateral collateral ligament complex. The relatively confined joint space provided by the capsule and

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Michele Vasso Concordia Hospital for Special Surgery, Rome, Italy

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Alexander Antoniadis Bürgerspital Solothurn, Switzerland

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Naeder Helmy Bürgerspital Solothurn, Switzerland

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; frontal deformity < 15°; flexion contracture < 15°; functional integrity of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) and peripheral ligaments of the knee as well as the absence of an inflammatory arthropathy. 11 UKA implantation for anteromedial OA

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Stein J. Janssen Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

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Iris van Oost Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, FORCE (Foundation for Orthopaedic Research Care Education), Amphia Hospital, Breda, The Netherlands

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Stefan J.M. Breugem Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Bergman Clinics, Naarden, The Netherlands

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Rutger C.I. van Geenen Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, FORCE (Foundation for Orthopaedic Research Care Education), Amphia Hospital, Breda, The Netherlands

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correctable deformity and intact ligaments. 3 We explored the current literature to provide an overview of the causes for a symptomatic UKA, its risk factors and diagnostic modalities that can be used, and we briefly discuss treatment options. Methods

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Mahmut Nedim Doral Hacettepe University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Department of Sports Medicine, Ankara, Turkey

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Onur Bilge Konya N.E. University, Meram Faculty of Medicine, Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Department of Sports Medicine, Konya, Turkey

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Gazi Huri Hacettepe University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Ankara, Turkey

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Egemen Turhan Hacettepe University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Ankara, Turkey

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René Verdonk Ghent University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, De Pintelaan, Ghent, Belgium

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-tissue structures in the medial and lateral tibiofemoral compartments of the knee joint, respectively. They are not solely a separate structure; they are a part of the ‘meniscus-meniscal ligament complex’ together with the surrounding ligamentous structures (menisco

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Benjamín Cancino Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile

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Matías Sepúlveda Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
Hospital Base de Valdivia, Valdivia, Chile

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Estefanía Birrer Hospital Base de Valdivia, Valdivia, Chile
Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile

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injuries were non-accidental. Anatomy The ankle joint is made up of the distal portions of the tibia and the fibula, which form a mortise where the superior aspect of the talus articulates, stabilized by the ligament complexes of the

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Jonny K Andersson Department of Surgery, Aspetar Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Hospital, Doha, Qatar
Department of Orthopaedics, Institute of Clinical Sciences, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden

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Pelle Gustafson Department of Clinical Sciences – Orthopedics, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
The Swedish National Patient Insurance Company, Stockholm, Sweden

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Philippe Kopylov Department of Clinical Sciences – Orthopedics, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
Department of Orthopedics, Hässleholm-Kristianstad Hospitals, Hässleholm, Sweden

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usually with a cast. The potentially serious consequences of a non-united scaphoid fracture, as well as missed scapholunate ligament (SL) injuries with progressive osteoarthritis ( 7 , 8 ), have resulted in restrictive treatment protocols for acute

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S. Rymaruk University Hospital of South Manchester NHS Foundation Trust, UK

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C. Peach University Hospital of South Manchester NHS Foundation Trust, UK

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-employed individuals. Frozen shoulder typically affects the rotator interval and begins with thickening of the coracohumeral ligament. 2 This manifests itself as early loss of external rotation, which is a classical sign. As the disease progresses, there is

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