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flexion such as ballet. The patient only rarely experiences severe pain and conservative treatment should be the ‘gold standard’. When conservative options fail, arthroscopic tenotomy of the psoas tendon can relieve the symptoms. Arthroscopic psoas
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treated with LIPUS for ununited 5th metatarsal fractures, initially treated conservatively. 7 Clinical and radiological union was achieved in 90%. Two-thirds of those that failed LIPUS treatment were symptomatic and required surgery (one ORIF, one
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according to Tscherne and Oestern. 22 The AO soft-tissue grading system allows comprehensive description of all soft-tissue injuries in both open and closed fractures. 20 Treatment Conservative management Conservative management may
Academic Department of Trauma and Orthopaedics, LGI, University of Leeds, UK
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NIHR Leeds Biomedical Research Center, Chapel Allerton Hospital, Leeds, UK
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greater than 10 mm indicates surgical treatment. 36 As for association with high-energy pelvic ring injury, AO/OTA type A injuries, and some non-displaced cases of LC injuries are considered stable and should be managed conservatively. 52 , 53 AO
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Xiang Z . Plating versus intramedullary pin or conservative treatment for midshaft fracture of clavicle: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials . J Shoulder Elbow Surg 2011 ; 20 : 1008 - 1015 . 2 Gardner MJ Streubel
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asymptomatic tear in the contralateral knee. 44 Most degenerative cases respond adequately to conservative treatment with physical therapy and painkillers. 43 , 45 , 46 In contrast, traumatic tears are due to an acute overload, which surpasses the
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proposed for flatfoot, primary randomised high-quality studies are lacking whilst a number of case series have been published. 5 Some authors have documented the inconsistency of conservative treatment. On the contrary, some surgical approaches have
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, many adult haemophiliacs suffer from rotator cuff impingement or arthritis. In the management of shoulder pain, conservative treatment with physiotherapy should be considered first. 14 , 15 Persistence of symptoms despite effective conservative
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, with a focus on possible clinical presentations and an update on correct diagnosis and treatment strategies. Methods A review of the literature was performed on hand problems in haemophilia. The public search engines PubMed and the Cochrane
Steadman Clinic and United States Coalition for the Prevention of Illness and Injury in Sport, Vail, Colorado, USA
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Steadman Clinic and United States Coalition for the Prevention of Illness and Injury in Sport, Vail, Colorado, USA
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, labral tears, and extra-articular tendon pathologies. FAI results from bony incongruity between the femoral head (cam impingement), the acetabulum (pincer impingement), or both (mixed impingement). When conservative treatments fail, hip arthroscopy has