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Early-onset scoliosis (EOS) is defined as a spinal deformity occurring before the age of ten years.
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Untreated EOS or early spinal fusion resulting in a short spine is associated with increased mortality and cardiopulmonary compromise.
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EOS may progress rapidly, and therefore prompt clinical diagnosis and referral to a paediatric orthopaedic or spine unit is necessary.
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Casting under general anaesthesia can be effective and may prevent or delay the need for surgery in curves of less than 60°.
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‘Growing’ rods (traditional or magnetically-controlled) represent the standard surgical treatment in progressive curves of 45° or greater.
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Children with congenital scoliosis associated with fused ribs benefit from surgery with a vertical titanium prosthetic rib.
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Surgery with growth-friendly instrumentation is associated with a high risk of complications.
Cite this article: EFORT Open Rev 2018;3 DOI: 10.1302/2058-5241.3.170051
