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Spontaneous spinal subdural hematoma (SSDH) is a rare and dangerous intraspinal hematoma that usually occurs in the thoracic vertebra. The influence of early cardiovascular changes secondary to spinal cord injury is an important emergent issue.

Herein, we report a case of a middle-aged woman with clinical manifestations of back pain and motion and sensory disturbances below the level of spinal cord compression. During the disease course, she also developed changes indicative of myocardial injury, such as tachycardia, markedly increased concentrations of brain natriuretic peptide and cardiac troponin I, and a decreased left ventricular ejection fraction, which were consistent with the diagnosis of Takotsubo cardiomyopathy (TTC). After the administration of supportive therapies, the symptoms of myocardial injury rapidly resolved. With the absorption of SSDH, the symptoms and clinical signs were alleviated. We also reviewed the literature on cases of concomitant SSDH and TTC.

This rare case broadens the symptom spectrum of SSDH and highlights the need for clinicians to be aware of concomitant SSDH and TTC. Initial conservative treatment is a viable option for SSDH with concomitant TTC. However, urgent surgery may be a better option if the SSDH progressively enlarges and causes spinal cord compression.

Convulsions are a neurological illness that has complexity. In clinical treatment, drug-induced convulsions appear from time to time. Drug-induced convulsions often begin as isolated acute seizures but may progress to persistent seizures. In orthopedics, topical administration of tranexamic acid is commonly used in conjunction with intravenous drip to achieve hemostasis during artificial joint replacement surgery. However, side effects induced by tranexamic acid accidental spinal administration should be taken seriously.

We report a case of a middle-aged male treated with tranexamic acid locally in combination with intravenous drip for intraoperative hemostasis when undergoing spinal surgery. The patient had involuntary convulsions in both lower limbs after the operation. After symptomatic administration, the symptoms of convulsions gradually resolved. During the follow-up, the convulsions never occurred again. We reviewed the literature on cases with side effects of local tranexamic acid application in spinal surgery and discussed the mechanism of tranexamic acid-induced convulsions.

Tranexamic acid is associated with an increased incidence of postoperative seizures. However, many clinicians are unaware that tranexamic acid causes seizures. This rare case summarized the risk factors and clinical features of these seizures. Moreover, it highlights several clinical and preclinical studies that offer mechanistic insights into the potential causes and treatments for tranexamic acid-associated seizures. A clear understanding of tranexamic acid-induced convulsions-related adverse reactions can help the first-line clinical screening of causes and adjustment of drug treatment. This review will aid the medical community by increasing awareness about tranexamic acid-associated seizures and translating scientific findings into therapeutic interventions for patients.