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  • Author: Geoffroy Nourissat x
  • Shoulder & Elbow x
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Alexandre Lädermann Hopital de la Tour, Switzerland

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Philippe Collin Centre Hospitalier Prive Saint-Gregoire, France

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George S. Athwal St Joseph’s Health Care, Canada

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Markus Scheibel Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany

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Matthias A. Zumstein Inselspital, University of Bern, Switzerland

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Geoffroy Nourissat Groupe Maussins, France

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  • Various procedures exist for patients with irreparable posterosuperior rotator cuff tears (IRCT). At present, no single surgical option has demonstrated clinical superiority.

  • There is no panacea for treatment and patients must be aware, in cases of palliative or non-prosthetic options, of an alarming rate of structural failure (around 50%) in the short term.

  • The current review does not support the initial use of complex and expensive techniques in the management of posterosuperior IRCT.

  • Further prospective and comparative studies with large cohort populations and long-term follow-up are necessary to establish effectiveness of expensive or complicated procedures such as superior capsular reconstruction (SCR), subacromial spacers or biological augmentation as reliable and useful alternative treatments for IRCT.

Cite this article: EFORT Open Rev 2018;3 DOI: 10.1302/2058-5241.3.180002

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Victor Housset Clinique de l'épaule, Clinique Maussins-Nollet, Paris, France

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Sean Wei Loong Ho Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore

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Alexandre Lädermann Division of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, Hôpital de La Tour, Meyrin, Switzerland
FORE (Foundation for Research and Teaching in Orthopedics, Sports Medicine, Trauma, and Imaging in the Musculoskeletal System), Meyrin, Switzerland
Division of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, Department of Surgery, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland

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Sean Kean Ann Phua Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore

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Si Jian Hui Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, National University Health System, Singapore

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Geoffroy Nourissat Clinique de l'épaule, Clinique Maussins-Nollet, Paris, France

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Purpose

  • A variety of instabilities are grouped under multidirectional instability (MDI) of the shoulder. This makes understanding its diagnostic process, presentation and treatment difficult due to lack of evidence-based consensus. This review aims to propose a novel classification for subtypes of MDI.

Methods

  • A systematic search was performed on PubMed Medline and Embase. A combination of the following 'MeSH' and 'non-MesH' search terms were used: (1) Glenohumeral joint[tiab] OR Glenohumeral[tiab] OR Shoulder[tiab] OR Shoulder joint[tiab] OR Shoulder[MeSH] OR Shoulder joint[MeSH], (2) Multidirectional[tiab], (3) Instability[tiab] OR Joint instability[MeSH]. Sixty-eight publications which met our criteria were included.

Results

  • There was a high degree of heterogeneity in the definition of MDI. Thirty-one studies (46%) included a trauma etiology in the definition, while 23 studies (34%) did not. Twenty-five studies (37%) excluded patients with labral or bony injuries. Only 15 (22%) studies defined MDI as a global instability (instability in all directions), while 28 (41%) studies considered MDI to be instability in two directions, of which one had to include the inferior direction. Six (9%) studies included the presence of global ligamentous laxity as part of the definition. To improve scientific accuracy, the authors propose a novel AB classification which considers traumatic etiology and the presence of hyperlaxity when subdividing MDI.

Conclusion

  • MDI is defined as symptomatic instability of the shoulder joint in two or more directions. A comprehensive classification system that considers predisposing trauma and the presence of hyperlaxity can provide a more precise assessment of the various existing subtypes of MDI.

Level of Evidence

  • III

Open access