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Berlin Institute of Health at Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Julius Wolff Institute, Berlin, Germany
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Berlin Institute of Health at Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Julius Wolff Institute, Berlin, Germany
Berlin Institute of Health at Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies, Berlin, Germany
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Berlin Institute of Health at Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Julius Wolff Institute, Berlin, Germany
Trauma Orthopaedic Research Copenhagen Hvidovre (TORCH), Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Copenhagen University Hospital – Amager and Hvidovre, Hvidovre, Denmark
Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Purpose
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The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy of calcitonin (CT) in animal models of experimental osteoarthritis (OA) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA), as new stabilized CT formulations are currently being introduced.
Methods
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A comprehensive and systemic literature search was conducted in PubMed/MEDLINE and Embase databases to identify articles with original data on CT treatment of preclinical OA and RA. Methodological quality was assessed using the Systematic Review Centre for Laboratory Animal Experimentation’s risk of bias tool for animal intervention studies. To provide summary estimates of efficacy, a meta-analysis was conducted for outcomes reported in four or more studies, using a random-effects model. Subgroup analyses were employed to correct for study specifics.
Results
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Twenty-six studies were ultimately evaluated and data from 16 studies could be analyzed in the meta-analysis, which included the following outcomes: bone mineral density, bone volume, levels of cross-linked C-telopeptide of type I collagen, histopathological arthritis score, and mechanical allodynia. For all considered outcome parameters, CT-treated groups were significantly superior to control groups (P = 0.002; P = 0.01; P < 0.00001; P < 0.00001; P = 0.04). For most outcomes, effect sizes were significantly greater in OA than in RA (P ≤ 0.025). High in-between study heterogeneity was detected.
Conclusion
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There is preclinical evidence for an antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antinociceptive, cartilage- and bone-protective effect of CT in RA and OA. Given these effects, CT presents a promising agent for the treatment of both diseases, although the potential seems to be greater in OA.
School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Department of Primary Care Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Master’s Program in Long-Term Care, College of Nursing, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Purpose
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The combination of pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions is strongly recommended by current guidelines for knee osteoarthritis. However, few systematic reviews have validated their combined efficacy. In this study, we investigated the effects of the combination of pharmacological agents and exercise on knee osteoarthritis.
Methods
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Randomized controlled trials that investigated the efficacy of pharmacological agents combined with exercise for knee osteoarthritis were searched in PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library up to February 2024. The network meta-analysis was performed within the frequentist framework. Standardized mean difference (SMD) with 95% CI was estimated for pain and function. Grading of recommendations, assessment, development, and evaluations were used to evaluate the certainty of evidence.
Results
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In total, 71 studies were included. The combination therapy outperformed pharmacological or exercise therapy alone. Among the various pharmacological agents combined with exercise, mesenchymal stem cell injection was ranked the best for short-term pain reduction (SMD: −1.53, 95% CI: −1.92 to −1.13, high certainty), followed by botulinum toxin A, dextrose, and platelet-rich plasma. For long-term pain relief, dextrose prolotherapy was the optimal (SMD: −1.76, 95% CI: −2.65 to −0.88, moderate certainty), followed by mesenchymal stem cells, platelet rich in growth factor, and platelet-rich plasma.
Conclusion
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Exercise programs should be incorporated into clinical practice and trial design. For patients undergoing exercise therapies, mesenchymal stem cell, dextrose, platelet-rich plasma, platelet rich in growth factor, and botulinum toxin A may be the optimal agents.
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Total joint arthroplasty (TJA) is rising globally, with an associated increase in associated complications, necessitating increased efforts in prevention of these complications with pre-operative optimisation.
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Malnutrition has been highlighted as one of the most important pre-operative modifiable risk factors to be addressed in TJA, with the term malnutrition in orthopaedic surgery having a broad definition that encompasses a wide range of nutritional abnormalities from undernutrition to overnutrition contributing to the outcomes of TJA.
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Complications associated with malnutrition include periprosthetic joint infection (PJI), periprosthetic fracture, dislocations, aseptic loosening, anaemia, prolonged length of stay (LOS), increased mortality, and raised health care costs.
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Standardised nutritional scoring tools, anthropometric measurements, and serological markers are all options available in pre-operative nutritional assessment in TJA, but there is no consensus yet regarding the standardisation of what parameters to assess and how to assess them.
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Abnormal parameters identified using any of the assessment methods results in the diagnosis of malnutrition, and correction of these parameters of overnutrition or undernutrition have shown to improve outcomes in TJA.
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With the multiple nutritional parameters contributing to the success of total joint arthroplasty, it is imperative that orthopaedic surgeon has a thorough knowledge regarding nutritional peri-operative optimisation in TJA.
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Orthopedics, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
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BG Kliniken – Klinikverbund der gesetzlichen Unfallversicherung gGmbH, Berlin, Germany
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Purpose
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To assess utility, benefits, and risks of 4th-generation alumina–zirconia ceramic pairings in elective total hip arthroplasty (THA).
Methods
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A comprehensive mixed-methods best-evidence synthesis using data from systematic reviews, randomized controlled trials (RCTs), prospective and retrospective cohort studies, as well as joint replacement registries, was conducted to estimate overall revision and survival rates, periprosthetic infection, bearing fractures, and noise phenomena with 4th-generation alumina–zirconia ceramic versus other tribological couplings in elective THA. The systematic review part across multiple databases was registered with PROSPERO (CRD42023418076), and individual study data were extracted for statistical re-analysis.
Results
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Twenty overlapping systematic reviews, 7, 17, and 8 references from RCTs, cohort studies, and joint replacement registries form the basis of this work. According to current best evidence, it is (i) 15–33 times more likely that 4th-generation alumina–zirconia pairings avoid a revision for infection than causing a revision for audible noise, (ii) 38–85 times more likely that 4th-generation alumina–zirconia pairings avoid a revision for infection than causing a revision for ceramic head fractures, and (iii) three to six times more likely that 4th-generation alumina–zirconia pairings avoid a revision for infection than cause a revision for ceramic liner fractures.
Conclusion
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Fourth-generation alumina–zirconia pairings in THA show a favorable benefit–risk ratio, with rare compound-specific adverse events and complications significantly outbalanced by long-term advantages, such as a markedly lower incidence of revision for infection.
Personalized Arthroplasty Society, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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Personalized Arthroplasty Society, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
Clinique Orthopédique Duval, Laval, Quebec, Canada
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Personalized Arthroplasty Society, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
Clinique Orthopédique Duval, Laval, Quebec, Canada
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Department of Knee Surgery, Casa di Cura Solatrix, Rovereto, TN, Italy
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Personalized Arthroplasty Society, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
Clinique Orthopédique Duval, Laval, Quebec, Canada
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Over the years, with a better understanding of knee anatomy and biomechanics, superior implant designs, advanced surgical techniques, and the availability of precision tools such as robotics and navigation, a more personalized approach to total knee arthroplasty (TKA) has emerged.
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In the presence of extra-articular deformities, performing personalized TKA can be more challenging and specific considerations are required, since one has to deal with an acquired pathological anatomy.
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Performing personalized TKA surgery in patients with extra-articular deformities, the surgeon can: (1) resurface the joint, omitting the extra-articular deformity; (2) partially compensate the extra-articular deformity with intra-articular correction (hybrid technique), or (3) correct the extra-articular deformity combined with a joint resurfacing TKA (single stage or two-stage procedure).
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Omitting the acquired lower limb malalignment by resurfacing the knee has the advantages of respecting the joint surface anatomy and preserving soft tissue laxities. On the other hand, it maintains pathological joint load and lower limb kinematics with potentially detrimental outcomes.
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The hybrid technique can be performed in most cases. It circumvents complications associated with osteotomies and brings lower limb axes closer to native alignment. On the other hand, it creates some intra-articular imbalances, which may require soft tissue releases and/or constrained implants.
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Correcting the extra-articular deformity (through an osteotomy) in conjunction with joint resurfacing TKA represents the only true kinematic alignment technique, as it aims to reproduce native knee laxity and overall lower limb axis.
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Osteotomie Komitee der Deutschen Knie Gesellschaft (DKG), Munich, Germany
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Osteotomie Komitee der Deutschen Knie Gesellschaft (DKG), Munich, Germany
AO Research Institute Davos, Davos, Switzerland
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The present narrative review provides a summary of postoperative therapy modalities and their effectiveness following osteotomies around the knee.
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The topics that are discussed in the scientific discourse include support of cartilage cell regeneration, pain management, drainage insertion, tourniquet use, pharmacological and mechanical thromboembolism prophylaxis, weight-bearing protocols and bone consolidation.
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There is evidence for the use of pharmacological thromboembolism prophylaxis and weight-bearing protocols.
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A standardized postoperative treatment concept following osteotomies around the knee cannot be derived due to lack of evidence for the other topics in current literature.
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Myositis ossificans (MO) is characterized by benign heterotopic ossificans in soft tissues like muscles, which can be classified into nonhereditary MO and fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva (FOP). Although MO has been studied for decades, no research reviewed and analyzed the features of publications in this field quantitatively and qualitatively.
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Using bibliometrics tools (bibliometrix R package, VOSviewer, and CiteSpace), we conducted a bibliometric analysis of 1280 articles regarding MO in the Web of Science Core Collection database from 1993 to 2022.
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The annual number of publications and related research areas in the MO field increased gradually in the past 20 years. The USA contributed the most percentage (42.58%) of articles. The University of Pennsylvania (UPenn) and the Journal Bone published the most articles among all institutions and journals. Kaplan FS and Shore EM from UPenn were the top two scholars who made the largest contributions to this field.
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Keyword analysis showed that research hotspots changed from traumatic MO and clinical management of MO to the genetic etiology, pathogenesis, and treatment of FOP.
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This study can provide new insights into the research trends of MO and helps researchers grasp and determine future study directions more easily.
Firoozgar Hospital, Bone and Joint reconstruction research center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Department of Orthopedic, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Department of Orthopedic, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Firoozgar Hospital, Bone and Joint reconstruction research center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Department of Orthopedic, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Firoozgar Hospital, Bone and Joint reconstruction research center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Department of Orthopedic, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Firoozgar Hospital, Bone and Joint reconstruction research center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Department of Orthopedic, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Purpose
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This systematic review aims to investigate the management and outcomes of pelvic ring fractures (PRFs) during pregnancy, emphasizing maternal and fetal mortality rates, mechanisms of injury, and treatment modalities.
Methods
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Following PRISMA guidelines, we conducted a comprehensive search of databases from 2000 to 2023. This search identified 15 relevant studies involving a total of 33 patients. Data extraction included demographics, fracture types, treatment methods, and outcomes. Risk of bias was assessed using the JBI criteria.
Results
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Maternal mortality stood at 9.1%, with fetal mortality at 42.4%. Maternal factors impacting mortality included head trauma and hemodynamic instability. Fetal mortality correlated with mechanisms like motor vehicle accidents and maternal vital signs. Surgical and conservative treatments were applied, with a majority of pelvic surgeries performed before delivery. External fixators proved effective in fracture stabilization.
Conclusion
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Pelvic ring fractures during pregnancy present significant risks to maternal and fetal health. Early stabilization and vigilant monitoring of maternal vital signs are crucial. Vaginal bleeding/discharge serves as a critical fetal risk indicator. The choice between surgical and conservative treatment minimally influenced outcomes. Multidisciplinary collaboration and tailored interventions are essential in managing these complex cases.
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Purpose
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To compile all the scientific evidence available to date to evaluate the effect of virtual reality based therapy (VRBT) on reducing pain intensity, kinesiophobia, and associated disability, and on increasing the hr-QoL in patients with chronic neck pain (CNP) or chronic low back pain (CLBP).
Methods
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Studies published in PubMed Medline, SCOPUS, Web of Science, CINAHL Complete, and Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) up to June 2023 were searched. All searches followed the PICOS Framework. Two authors independently screened the studies found in the searches. Any differences of opinion regarding the selection of studies were settled by a third author.
Results
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Twenty-five RCTs, published between 2013 and 2022, providing data from 1261 patients (20 RCTs) with CLBP and 261 patients (five RCTs) with CNP, were included. In reducing pain intensity for patients with CLBP, meta-analyses showed that VRBT is effective in reducing pain just to the end of the intervention, and this effect could be maintained 1 and 6 months after the therapy.
Conclusion
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VRBT was found to be better than therapeutic exercise (TE), sham, and no intervention (NI), showing a major effect when VRBT was used as a complementary therapy to conventional physiotherapy (CPT). Further, VRBT showed an immediate effect and immersive VRBT was the most adequate VRBT modality in reducing pain in CNP patients. No differences were found between non-immersive VRBT and immersive VRBT in reducing pain, kinesiophobia, disability, and hr-QoL in patients with CLBP.
Dworska Hospital, Kraków, Poland
Hospital in Proszowice, Poland
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Rotator cuff tears (RCT) and instability are the most common surgically treated shoulder pathologies.
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The concept of augmentation using the long head of the biceps tendon (LHBT) autograft was created to improve the results of surgical treatment of these pathologies, especially in cases of chronic and massive injuries.
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The popularity of using the LHBT for augmentation is evidenced by the significant number of publications on this topic published in the last 3 years; however, only one systematic review has been published regarding only LHBT augmentation for massive RCTs.
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Several studies comparing partial repair with partial repair and additional LHBT augmentation for RCT showed superior clinical outcomes and lower re-tear rates when LHBT augmentation was performed.
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There is a rising popularity of using LHBT as an autograft to perform superior capsule reconstruction (SCR) in case of irreparable rotator cuff tears.
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In recent years, shoulder stabilization by arthroscopic Bankart repair with biceps augmentation has been promoted with very promising short-term results.
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The evidence provided by studies appears to be sufficient to recommend the use of LHBT for augmentation whenever necessary; however, larger studies with long-term follow-up are needed.
